English Rule in Ireland

1539–1801

English rule in Ireland was marked by centuries of conflict, resistance, and cultural change. English power in Ireland expanded through military campaigns, plantation systems, and oppressive laws designed to suppress Irish identity and Catholicism. Despite this, Irish culture, language, and traditions persisted, with periodic uprisings challenging English dominance. The struggle between native Irish communities and English rule set the stage for centuries of tension and shaped Ireland’s path toward modern history.